被忽略的“月经贫困”:这个世界上,还有多少人买不起这件“日用品”
近日,“散装卫生巾”这一话题冲上微博热搜,引发大量讨论,目前阅读量已超过12亿。
争议的开端是一位网友发布的两张图片。一张是网上一款100片售价仅21.99元的卫生巾(相当于每片约0.2元);另一张则是一位网友针对这款卫生巾的提问,担心廉价卫生巾质量不过关,而两位买家对此的回答是,“生活难”、“我有难处”。
The hashtag of "loose-packed sanitary pads" has come up as one of the trending topics on Chinese social media this week, sparking a heated discussion, with more than 1.2 billion views on Weibo.
The sudden rise of public awareness about period poverty sprang from a Weibo post of two screenshots. One is about a 100-piece packet of loose-packed pads that costs only 21.99 yuan (3.20 U.S. dollars), while another features a netizen worrying about the quality of the cheap pads, to which a woman replied, "Life is tough."
对于“散装卫生巾”的讨论,也将当今世界普遍忽视的“月经贫困”问题抛到了大众眼前。
“月经贫困”常指受落后观念和经济因素制约,部分女性无法在生理期获得足够的卫生用品,从而体面地度过生理期。
据统计,女性一生中至少有2500天处于经期,相当于人生中将近7年的时间。BBC曾推出过一款“月经开销计算器”,假设一位女性经期从12岁到55岁,那么她一生中需要花费1603.41英镑(约合人民币14693元)购买卫生用品。
事实上,无论是非洲、南亚还是欧美,在世界各地,每个月都有许多女孩为没有足够的卫生用品而烦恼,被迫用其他东西代替。国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)统计的数据显示,截至2019年2月,全球有5亿名女性正在遭受“月经贫困”。
联合国儿童基金会和国际慈善组织“水援助组织”2018年发布的一份新报告显示,南亚地区超过三分之一的女孩在经期缺课,主要原因是学校里没有厕所和卫生巾,以及没有接受关于月经的适当教育。
印度仅36%的女性有条件使用一次性卫生巾,其余64%只能在经期使用破布、果壳、灰烬、树叶、泥土或是牛粪来处理自己的失血。
而在非洲的一些国家,女孩们被迫选择通过性交易来换取卫生巾,从而得到正常上学和工作的机会。
即便在欧美发达国家,仍有部分女性面临“卫生巾困境”。
根据美国的一项调查,近五分之一的美国女孩要么提前辍学,要么就是因为无法负担起经期用品而被迫旷课或辍学。
英国慈善协会的一项调查显示,截至2018年,在英国14岁至21岁的女生中,有几乎一半曾因为经期缺课,每十人中就有一人买不起经期用品。
在荷兰,年龄在12岁到25岁之间的女孩和年轻女性中,有9%的人买不起卫生棉条或卫生巾。
Period poverty is a global issue, which defines a lack of access to sanitary products due to financial constraints. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, up to 500 million women and girls are living in period poverty.
A report published by UNICEF and WaterAid found that more than a third of girls in South Asia miss school during their periods, mainly due to lack of access to toilets and pads in schools and no proper education about menstruation.
Take India, for example, where Survey statistics collected by Indian National Family Health Survey 2015-2016 estimates that roughly 36 percent of the country's menstruating females use sanitary napkins, while the rest use old rags, husk, ash, leaves, mud and soil and such other life-threatening materials to manage their flow.
While even in developed countries in Europe and America, some girls and women face the same dilemma about being forced to miss school when they have their periods.
和“她”在一起
今年6月,四川成都七中国际部的一群高中生发起了“月季计划”,筹集的12万余元能为700名大凉山昭觉县女生提供一整年的卫生巾。下一步,他们还将为当地的青春期女生组织经期卫生方面的讲座。
In June, students from the Stand TogetHer organization of a high school in southwest China's Chengdu City have launched a program to donate menstrual pads to teenage girls in Zhaojue County, one of the poorest areas in China. They raised around 17,500 U.S. dollars online in just two days, providing a whole year's worth of pads for 700 girls.
此外,阿里公益和腾讯公益等也都有相关的活动,为贫困地区的女性提供干净的内衣裤、经期卫生用品、生理卫生知识小课本等。
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